指示代词this和that和such和so和the same的用法

2023-04-18 10:20:48

指示代词this和that和such和so和the same的用法
指示代词:用来指代或标记人或事物。常用的有this,that,these,those,such,so,the same等。具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句中可作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1. 指示代词this和that的区别
1)this/these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that/those常指时间或空间较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.这是我的桌子,那个是你的。
2)this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
我想告诉你的是,英语聚会将在周六下午举行。   
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.他昨天伤到腿了。那是他今天没来的原因。
提示:在口语中,this和that可用作副词修饰形容词,表示程度。

I didn’t realize it was going to be this far. (=as far as this)我没有意识到会有这么远。   

单词不用记下载
英语词汇立体记忆
新概念英语青少版

2. such
such在句中一般作定语和主语。作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词a/an应放在such之后;such与不定代词no,some,any,several,many,little,few,all等连用时,需放在它们的后面。
Roger is such a nice person. Roger是如此优秀的一个人。  
3. so
有些动词,如think,say,hear,do,hope,believe,expect,fear,be afraid等后,常用so替代上文提到的内容或情况。
---The new English teacher is very strict.新英语老师非常严厉。 
---I’ve heard so.我听说如此。
另外,so还可以用于以下句型中,作替代词使用:
1)so+助动词/情态动词/连系动词+主语(甲乙两个不同的对象具有相同的情况)
2)so +主语+助动词/情态动词/连系动词(甲陈述某一情况,听话人乙赞同甲的说法)
3)主语+助动词/情态动词/连系动词+so(甲吩咐、命令乙去做某事,乙照办了)
He asked me to open the window. I did so.他让我打开窗户。我这么做了。
4. the same
1)单独使用时,指刚提到过的同一人或物。
I bought a new house last year, but soon sold the same.去年我买了栋房子,不过没过多久就卖了。
2)后跟as,引出所谈及的范围。
He is the same age as you.他跟你一样大。

名题精练
1.It's an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.
2.This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
3.I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
4.Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
5.Half of ______ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
6.To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.
7.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but ______ of them wants to, because they have work to do.
8.Sarah made ________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
9.Sophia waited for a reply, but ________ came.
10.If you're buying today's paper from the stand, could you get ________ for me?
2.Nothing解析:句意:这项工程要求紧密的团队合作,如果我们不能很好地一起工作,我们将会一事无成。
根据句意可知设空处应为表示否定的nothing。
3.either解析:句意:我曾经在纽约和芝加哥生活过一段时间,但是这两个城市我都不是很喜欢。根据前面提到的这两个城市可知,此处表示“两者当中任何一个”,而each 虽然可以表示两者中的每一个,但通常不与not连用,故只有either正确。
4.another解析:句意:(废品)回收是保护环境的一种方式,而循环利用是保护环境的另外一种方式。another再一,又一。
7.neither解析:Larry让Bill和Peter跟他一起去野餐,但是他们俩都不想去,因为他们都有工作要做。根据表转折关系的but及后面的内容可知,空格处应该表示否定且指代的是两者(Bill和Peter),故答案为neither,指“两者都不”。
8.it解析:句意:今天早上萨拉及时到达了机场,正好赶上飞机。本题考查it的用法。make it为固定搭配,意为:成功做某事,准时到达。
9.none解析:句意:索菲娅等待答复,但一个都没有。none没有一个。
10.one解析:句意:如果你从报亭买今天的报纸,你能帮我买一份吗?考查不定代词的基本用法。one用来替代前面出现的单数名词,表示泛指,相当于a/an+单数名词,以避免重复。在本题中one替代a paper。

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